B. USES OF PARTICIPLES AND INFINITIVES
11. Ask, advise, allow, command, force, forbid, invite, encourage, compel, beg, order•, imagine, instruct, permit, persuade, tell, require, remind, teach, etc. are followed by Object + To +V2
For example,
Incorrect - He advised to do it by me.
Correct - He advised me to do it.
But if these are used in Passive Voice, then they are followed by To +V,.
For example,
Correct- She was permitted to go with him.
12. Know is followed by how/ where/when/why and Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect - I know to write a letter.
Correct - I know how to write a letter.
13. After let, bid, behold, watch, see, feel, make etc. we use Bare-Infinitive and not To-infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect - I heard him to speak on several subjects.
Correct - I heard him speak on several subjects.
14. Bare Infinitive is used after Modal Auxiliaries (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, dare not, need not).
For example,
Correct - You need not work hard.
15. Had better, had rather,had as soon ... as ... , had sooner etc. are followed by Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect - He had better to go now.
Correct - He had better go now.
16. Conjunction than is also followed by Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect - He had better read than to write.
Correct - He had better read than write.
17. When but is used as a Preposition and preceded by any form of the Verb do, then but is followed with Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect - He did nothing but to wander.
Correct - He did nothing but wander.
18. Every Participial must have a Subject of Reference.
For example,
Incorrect - Being a rainy day Vijay decided to stay at home.
Correct- It being a rainy day Vijay decided to stay at home.
19. For completed action Having + Va is used in Active Voice, whereas Having + been + Va or Being + Va is used in Passive Voice. After should not be used in such a sentence.
For example,
Incorrect - After the leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
Correct - The leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
20. Participles like considering, judging, referring, concerning, regarding, viewing, broadly speaking etc. do not take any Subject of Reference.
For example,
Correct - Considering the case, I took the decision.
Here I is not a Subject of Reference of cons
11. Ask, advise, allow, command, force, forbid, invite, encourage, compel, beg, order•, imagine, instruct, permit, persuade, tell, require, remind, teach, etc. are followed by Object + To +V2
For example,
Incorrect - He advised to do it by me.
Correct - He advised me to do it.
But if these are used in Passive Voice, then they are followed by To +V,.
For example,
Correct- She was permitted to go with him.
12. Know is followed by how/ where/when/why and Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect - I know to write a letter.
Correct - I know how to write a letter.
13. After let, bid, behold, watch, see, feel, make etc. we use Bare-Infinitive and not To-infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect - I heard him to speak on several subjects.
Correct - I heard him speak on several subjects.
14. Bare Infinitive is used after Modal Auxiliaries (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, dare not, need not).
For example,
Correct - You need not work hard.
15. Had better, had rather,had as soon ... as ... , had sooner etc. are followed by Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect - He had better to go now.
Correct - He had better go now.
16. Conjunction than is also followed by Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect - He had better read than to write.
Correct - He had better read than write.
17. When but is used as a Preposition and preceded by any form of the Verb do, then but is followed with Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Correct - He did nothing but wander.
18. Every Participial must have a Subject of Reference.
For example,
Incorrect - Being a rainy day Vijay decided to stay at home.
Correct- It being a rainy day Vijay decided to stay at home.
19. For completed action Having + Va is used in Active Voice, whereas Having + been + Va or Being + Va is used in Passive Voice. After should not be used in such a sentence.
For example,
Incorrect - After the leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
Correct - The leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
20. Participles like considering, judging, referring, concerning, regarding, viewing, broadly speaking etc. do not take any Subject of Reference.
For example,
Correct - Considering the case, I took the decision.
Here I is not a Subject of Reference of cons
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